John Stuart Mill On Liberty Essays - Classical Liberalism

The Tempest - William Shakespeare Essay Essay Example for Free

The Tempest William Shakespeare Essay In spite of the fact that William Shakespeare’s The Tempest is frequently sorted as his late sentiment, its plots mirror the significant social development of that timeâ€the Europeans settling in the New World. As the Europeans energetically set out to locate the New World, they deserted cheerful residents considering over what they would discover. In The Tempest, through the characters, we can induce that the Europeans’ expectations ran from making the ideal government to communicating with the occupants. They found that their concept of the ideal government wherein everybody is equivalent neglected to exist. In any case, they were right in their expectation that the New World would as of now be settledâ€by savage ‘Native Americans’. They in the end incorporated the Native Americans into their general public as slaves. In their excursion to the New World, the Europeans neglected to build up a perfect government, yet prevailing with regards to fusing the locals into their own general public. One of the Europeans’ desires for the New World was an ideal government wherein everybody would be equivalent. In The Tempest, Shakespeare’s character Gonzalo portrays it as an administration where there would be â€Å"no occupation; all men inert, all;/And ladies as well, yet blameless and unadulterated;/No sway. † (II. 1, ll. 154-156) Even as his confidants derided him, he is immovable in his conviction, and basically marks them as â€Å"gentlemen of valiant strength. † (II. 1, l. 181). This would appear the perfect government, and would work in principle. In European culture in the mid seventeenth century, much accentuation was set on class. The lower class confronted numerous limitations, and numerous residents were enraged with the class framework. To the lower class, the desire for an ideal government wherein everybody was equivalent was perfect. Another of their expectations was that the locals, albeit brutal, would be of incredible use to them when they initially settled. They would have liked to consolidate the Native Americans into their own general public. In The Tempest, Caliban, the first local of the island, initially welcomed Prospero with deference: â€Å"When thou cam’st first,/Thou strok’st me and made a big deal about me†¦then I cherished thee/And indicated thee all the characteristics o’ th’ isle,/The new springs, saline solution pits, infertile spot and ripe. † (I. 2, ll. 333-338) When Prospero first went to the island, Caliban experienced the difficulty of discovering him the best food and water sources. Due to Caliban’s consideration, this shows the Europeans accepted that the Native Americans would be anything but difficult to control, and along these lines, simple to control. They planned to be in order of the Native Americans with the goal that the undertaking of controlling North America would be simpler. To step by step consolidate the locals into their own general public as slaves was one of the expectations of the Europeans. Be that as it may, their expectations and foreordained thoughts were seen as wrong. The truth was that the idealistic government that the Europeans envisioned about didn't exist. Truth be told, Gonzalo’s government was illogical. There would consistently be struggle, and if everybody was equivalent, they would feel similarly poor. This would require a sovereign, which would nullify the point of everybody being equivalent. Order will consistently exist just on the grounds that it is human instinct to take a stab at the best. For instance, in The New World, this was reflected in the settlement of Jamestown. There was constantly a skipper in control. A chain of request was significant so as to forestall disorder in the midst of trouble. On the other hand, one of their desires turned into a reality. They accepted that the locals would be savages. The Europeans looked downward on the Native Americans since they showed up from various perspectives to be subhuman. This was expected to non-Christianity, a crude dress style, and a feeling of rottenness: â€Å"Their hair is typically dark, yet few have any whiskers. The men wear a large portion of their heads shaven, the other half long†¦some are of demeanor frightful, some strong, generally watchful. All Savage†¦For their clothing, they are some time secured with the skins of wild [beasts]†¦There is yet in Virginia no spot found to be so Savage in which Savages have not a religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Europeans saw the Native Americans as second rate creatures. From the outset, the Native Americans were slanted to join the Europeans as a go-between: â€Å"Americans tried to consolidate the newcomers into their universe. † (Kupperman 175) They likewise reasoned that the Europeans would be of extraordinary use to exchange with. As time advanced, both the Native Americans and the Europeans strived to consolidate the other into their own chain of importance. (Kupperman 174) However, this endeavor at consolidating the other before long end up being worthless. In The Tempest, Caliban is continually plotting to topple Prospero (discussion with Trinculo and Stephano). This is resembled in the Europeans’ steady, hidden concern that the locals would rebel against them: â€Å"Both the Roanoke and Jamestownâ colonists announced that schemes against them were arranged. † (Kupperman 175) The Native Americans knew their region, and step by step created strategies to battle off assailants. The Native Americans were exceptionally talented warriors, yet came up short on the innovation that the Europeans had. (Barbour) what's more, the Europeans had protection from ailment that overpowered the Native Americans. In the long run, the Europeans figured out how to hold onto power in their settlements, and joined the Native Americans into their human progress as slaves. Despite the fact that the Europeans neglected to set up an idealistic government, their endeavors to consolidate the Native Americans into their general public were effective. Their optimal neglected to exist basically on account of human instinct. In any case, they incorporated the Native Americans into their general public as slaves. Yet offbeat, the desires for the Europeans were depicted somewhat. Through The Tempest, the Europeans’ any expectation of building up a model government didn't turn into a reality, yet they figured out how to join the locals.

Technophobia Is a Fear Related to the Loss of Control

Technophobia Is a Fear Related to the Loss of Control Phobias Types Print Technophobia Is a Fear Related to the Loss of Control By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on October 05, 2018 Sam Diephuis / Stone / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of technology, also known as technophobia, is the fear or dislike of advanced technology or complex devices, especially computers. Technophobia is surprisingly common. In fact, some experts believe that we all suffer at least a small amount of nervousness when confronted with new technology. In todays rapidly changing world, it can be easy to feel out of touch. Fear of Technology Through the Ages Technophobia may seem like a new phenomenon, a product of the information age that began in the 1960s and continues to ramp up at lightning speed today. Yet there were reports of technophobia at least as early as the Industrial Revolution. Whenever there are major changes in how we do things, particularly if machines are involved, technophobia is likely to occur. Fear of Technology Social and Cultural Factors The more we use an item, the more comfortable we become with that item. Traditionally, teens and young adults are the first to embrace new products and the first to become proficient with them, followed shortly by younger children. Adults are generally somewhat slower to adopt new technologies, and some seniors may never embrace them. For example, when I was a kid in the 1980s, everybody knew that if your VCR clock was flashing, you had to get a kid to set it. Today, my grandmother, now in her 90s, refuses to own a cell phone. Gender differences may also play a role, although this seems to be changing. In the early days of the personal computer revolution, the stereotypical computer user was a male in his 20s or early 30s, probably living in his parents basement. Although stereotypes are usually wrong, many females inherently believed that they were unable to relate to computers. Now, of course, computers are a ubiquitous part of life for most people, male or female. New Technology Makes Us Feel Out of Control In the late 1980s, my mothers workplace was equipped with a few Commodore 64 computers. My family members were all early adopters, and weve had computers in our house since 1981. But for many of my moms coworkers, this was their first exposure to the technology. One woman in the office, a highly educated, well-trained mental health therapist, flatly refused to touch any of the computers. She was afraid of hitting the wrong button and wiping out her bank account. One of the most basic technology fears is rooted in the loss of control. We dont necessarily understand exactly how a new piece of technology works, so our imaginations fill in the details. Its human nature to want to be in control of our environment, and its scary to think that we might not have as much control as we had hoped. Doomsday Phobias Of course, the ultimate loss of control is a doomsday scenario. From sentient robots bent on destruction to missiles that launch themselves and begin World War III, films, literature, and TV shows are filled with technology gone wrong. We are afraid of an uncertain future, and our minds begin to fill in the blanks. Mass Hysteria Who could forget the Y2K scare? As the rumor went, banks, government agencies, and society as we knew it was going to shut down the moment that we passed into the new millennium. Why? Because computer designers forgot to program the systems to handle four-digit dates. The theory was that the two-digit 00 years would cause the networks to crash.? Of course, January 1, 2000, came and went without incident. Most major systems were already capable of handling four-digit dates, and those that didnt were mostly reprogrammed well before the critical date. Even those home computers that werent reprogrammed made it through with barely a hiccup. Y2K, along with the original radio broadcast of War of the Worlds and the 1994 TV movie Without Warning, stand as some of the finest examples ever of mass hysteria. Different Types of Doomsday Phobias

The Atlantis Rubber Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2023 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? John smith, the founder of Atlantis Rubber Company, started his business of tire-mounting patent in 1900, with total assets of $2000. At its initials he earned $110,000 by selling the tires of another company but later he purchased a building in 1902 to start manufacturing its own tires, by hiring twelve employees at this place. In 1960s the company has been voted as one of the best among the ten team-managed companies of the United States. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Atlantis Rubber Company" essay for you Create order The company was organizationally very strong because of its good management which is very important for the success of the organization and there able to survive at the time 1930 when there was a disastrous economic crises for many American firms. The company is now the world leading manufacturer of tires, by having market of 3000 different sizes of tires and more than 10,000 other products of plastic and rubber and many more. There are more than 75,000 employees including men and women working in almost 24 countries of the world. Along with this, the company owned a network of more than 750 stores in the United States. This case revolves around the young man of twenty seven years, Ken Bonner, who worked as an accountant at the home office of the company. The company had its own college for training the engineers, accountants, chemists and many more. The purpose of this training was to make the employees get aware of the history and business of the company in the morning ses sions and to make them more practical in the work they have to do by dividing them in groups. The training session was about of eight weeks and devotion to achieve the goals of the organization was stressed on every employee. The company had great expectations from the individuals who once became the member of the college training. The college training session made every member to realize that they are elite members and their future with the company is bright. When Ken received his first assignment, he gets really disappointed and he started thinking whether his future is bright or he just became a part of the small business of his town, but later on with the passage of time, he desired to be a part of the company. Problem statement: The company was more task-oriented and very restrict to his rules and regulations. They follow the conservative behavior approach to avoid any loss in the business. This was the reason that even when the manager of the Accounts Payable felt the need of more staff in the department, he didnt go for it. Promotions were given only to the employees who were the members of the college training program and the rest of the people had nothing to do with this benefit. There was the lack of coordination among the departments as the employees of one department dont know the employees of other department. There was no concept of employee relationship and employees were made only to achieve the goal of the organization. Although conservative management has its benefits but its not preferable in the organizations at its growing stage. The management of the company was not up to date with the technological changes in the environment. The company was at its best in management in early 1960s but it didnt make changes in its management with the passage of time. The employees were not allowed to talk with each other or to visit to doctor during the working hours. Through this company can achieve its goals but never be able to retain its employees. The case revolves around one man Ken Barron, who moved to different departments, during his job in Atlantis Rubber Company. Ken experience in one department was totally different than in the other department. Issues, Discussion Recommendations Issues Discussion and Recommendation In the first ten to fifteen years of the job, there were some set patterns for job promotions and job titles through which every manager and executive has to pass. Promotion was only given to the employees who were the member of the training college. The competent employees need to be encouraged in promotion whether they are or not the member of the training colleges. This will make them to give more benefit to their organization in achieving their short and long term goals. If the company gives promotions on the basis of their membership it will discourage others employees working in the company and they definitely leave the organization. The management needs to better understand the best promotion practices in order to improve the level satisfaction of the employees (Hooi, 2012). Conservative Management approach was used in achieving the targeted goals. The company was not innovative and no changes were made by the management in its strict rules and regulations with the passage of the time. The company needs to be more relationship oriented. In this way it doesnt only achieve its targeted goals but can make its employees more satisfy with their job. Relationship oriented management practices n the organization results in better outcomes (Toles Anderson, 2011). They need to revise their strict rules of working only so that employee will not even thin about to leave the organization. No extra pay was given to employees for the extra work they used to do in Saturday. If the employee had to work on Saturday because of workload, the company never paid him for the extra work. This only discourages the employee and de-motivates them from doing further work for the company. The company should need to give some incentives to their employees in order to retain them. The management trust and rewards are found to be the predictors of employee satisfaction, which in turn influence the extra role behavior of employees (Reychav Sharkie, 2010). Staff wa s insufficient for the required work. The manager of the company seems to be reluctant in hiring the new staff because he doesnt want to endure his own record of the single job, by the poor performance of the employee. Every employee was given the independent task and he has to complete it. This cause stress in the employees and quality of work is also disturbed. The work should be divided among the individual employees so that they perform their task in an efficient way. Break was insufficient and talking to each other was not tolerated during the work. The working environment of one department differs from the other department of the company. When Ken was in Accounts Payable department, he was not allowed to talk to other employees and the break time also was insufficient for relaxation. But when he moved to the other department, he found the environment bit different. The company needs to provide equal working environment for all the departments. By giving priority to on e department can only de-motivate the employees of the other departments. The working environment or strict rules of the organization are the source of stress in the employees (Jung Yoon, 2013). If someone gets ill he was not allowed to visit the doctor. This seems to be really awkward that someone is ill and he wasnt allowed to see a doctor during work. The company should need to have flexible rules regarding health issues. Even though the company should appoint his own medical officer within the company so that it provide immediate health treatment, if someone is ill during the work. The clerk employee had to come for extra work on Saturday without giving extra pay, and he didnt even told that what he had to do actually. The employees at lower level were not even told that what they need to do actually. They just had to do all work by their selves. If there were any load of work in the department, the clerk had to come on the Saturday and he was not given the extra pa y for that work. This results in the dissatisfaction of the employee from their seniors. The company needs to give incentives and benefits to the employees for the extra work they do. Although they dont leave the organization but the quality of work will be affected. The study has shown that extra work on weekdays or more working hours only lead to dissatisfaction of the employees which in turn increase the intention to leave the organization (Nabe-Nielsen, et al., 2010). There was a Communication gap between the departments of the company. The employee of one department was unaware of the other employees of the other department. Secondly, the employees were not provided with the sufficient information for the work they had to do. The company needs to communicate all the tasks; this will motivate the employees to do the work effectively and efficiently. The employees need to be well communicated about the tasks, this will not only enhance their motivation but the productivity can also be increase (Tohidi, 2011). The working environment was not friendly and few of the departments were equipped with the working facilities. The cost accounting department had only the facility of telephone. The employees were giving the opportunity to have friendly working environment. The rules were not so strictly followed there. But the rest of the departments dont have any friendly environment or direct connection with their managers or supervisors. Ken worked in different departments and he was very satisfied in the department, where the environment was friendly and cooperative. This increases his motivation satisfaction towards his job. Manger support and cooperation is very important for the employees, this will keep them motivated and can reduce the turnover rate. The studies has shown that supervisor support can reduce the turnover rate if he fully understand the needs of the employees, and provide them equal opportunities for career (Yang, et al., 2012). T here was no concept of training, workshops for the new work and it was up to the employee to perform and did his task. The employees were not provided with the training facility, if they assigned a new work by the supervisor. It was totally up to the employees that how they had to do the work because the seniors were only concerned with the outcomes. The company should need to give training to the employees in order t improve the productivity and quality of the work. Training will simply add more profit to the company. There was no concept of job analysis. The employees were not told about their responsibilities at the workplace. They had to figure it out by their selves that what they need to do to achieve the targeted goals of the organization. Job analysis is very important because through job specifications, employees get to know about their duties for a certain position. Conclusion The Herzberg motivation theory reveals that there are certain factors which make employees satisfy or dissatisfy at the workplace (Herzberg, 1959). The company policy, rule or regulations, working conditions, relationships with the seniors are some of the dissatisfaction factor for the employees, which make them to leave the company. Lack of support and trust, stress from overwork can also be the reasons of dissatisfaction. Although Fred was happy with the company but he left the organization when he got attractive job offer from the other company. The research has shown that motivation at work place and retention both are linked to each other, if the employee is motivated he will be satisfied to his job and career advancement which leads to his retention (Maka Sockelb, 2008). Good culture, organizational environment and the most important is recognition all play an important role in retaining the employees. If the company wants to retain its employees he has to make a proper plan or retention strategies. Training, mentoring, incentives are some of the very good retention strategies at workplace. The employees will be more satisfy and retain with the organization if they have provided with the opportunity of training for new skills (Costena Salazarb, 2011). Communicating the things effectively at the workplace will encourage the employees to perform their effectively and efficiently. The only thing now the company has to do is to be employee oriented rather than business oriented. If the needs of the employees are fulfilled they will remain satisfied and will give more benefit to the company.

The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was...

The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was able to hold onto power in the Soviet Union: The purges and show trials The secret police Propaganda and the cult of personality Stalin’s economic policies. Explain how far you agree with this statement. Stalin used to methods to hold onto power in the Soviet Union these were fear / coercion and persuasion / consent. If people were not persuaded by Stalin’s personality and economic policies they would be scared into supporting him. From the outset Stalin was particularly aware of his image and the importance and power of propaganda. He came to power partly as a result of his creation of a cult of ‘Leninism’ and by†¦show more content†¦An example was the first of the great show trials where sixteen ‘old Bolsheviks’ and hero’s of the civil war including Kamenev and Zinoveiv were but on trial accused of being directly responsible for the assassination of Kirov, a popular leading Communist, in 1934. Although Historians believe it is more likely that Stalin was responsible for the murder and extremely unlikely that Zinoveiv or Kamenev had anything to do with it. They all confessed to their crimes. Stalin propagated an image of himself as the father / protector of the nation with posters and statues of himself in many Russian town and cities. He also ruthlessly controlled the media to ensure that the Russian people were only given such information as he saw fit. An example of this is the fact that Trotsky’s vehement criticisms of Stalin from the various countries he lived in abroad were kept from the Russia people and indeed Trotsky who had been true hero of the revolution was blamed by Stalin for much of Russia’s problems at the time. Trotsky is also a good example of Stalin’s use of terror when propaganda alone would not succeed since ultimately unable to silence Trotsky in another way Stalin had him assassinated. In the same way Stalin could not bear any challenges to his authority andShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesseveral points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of

Psmp Unit 1 †Reading Report †Federalism Free Essays

Purpose: To inform the reader by outliningthe dialogue that took place at the ASSA/IPAA Federalism Rountable in May, 2007. Wanna summarises discussions on the: -historical trajectory and present characteristics of Australian federalism; -perceived shortcomings and challenges surrounding ourcurrent system of government; -relevance of federalism both from an increasingly globalised national perspective and within a nation of small population and relative cultural homogeny; and -various suggestions from those present to bring aboutreform. 77) Argument/Findings The Paper articulates the collective findings of those present at the Roundtable. We will write a custom essay sample on Psmp Unit 1 – Reading Report – Federalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wanna makes comment on some main themes that emanated e. g. whilst considerable faith was placed in a clearer demarcation of governmental roles and responsibilities to address federalism’s perceived current ‘malaise’, Wanna notes there was nothing put forward to firmly support this assumption and consequentlyquestions the true worth of articulating and clarifying roles and responsibilities. The Paper highlightsthe Roundtable’s observationthat numerous federal nationshave tended towards centralisation in recent times, coupled with declines in regional and localised identity; it predicted a gravitation of national issues to the Commonwealth level and a shift of regional and service delivery issues towards State governments over the next 20 years. There was consensus that greater trust, ‘strategic pragmatism’ and improved intergovernmental relations were needed to reform federalism and provide enhanced policy outcomes for the Australian community. (149) Evidence The Paper provides a firsthand summary of discussion, findings and suggestions from a Roundtable of politicians, senior state and federal public servants, and academics, supported by background information papers from credible sources. (32) Observations The Paper is a record of a collective discussion, notan argumentative essay. The does not, nor does it purport to be, a balanced view of federalism in a broader or historical sense. -Roundtables by their very nature are high level and do not allow for drilling down to the finer details of an issue; this is worth bearing in mind when considering the article as some of the context may have been overlooked in relation to the finer points made by participants. The Paperhighlights that federalism has by necessit y proven to be a much more flexible and dynamic governance structure than waslikely envisaged at its inception;it could be argued that federalism’s seeming robustness and changeability is entirely appropriate to what is now a highly changeable local, national and globalised community, despite looking markedly different to what it may have first looked like at federation. -It is submitted that the need for greater levels of trust between levels of government to make federalism work is potentially made more challenging by the dynamic of our two-party system of government. 185) Other relevant or related readings 1. Keddie, J. N and R. F. I. Smith. 2009, ‘Leading from Below: How Sub-National Governments Influence Policy Agendas. ’Australian Journal of Public Administration, No. 68 Vol. 1, pp. 67-82. Rather than outlining a perceived malaise and decrease in the relevance of the States in our federal system, Keddie Smith argue that States have a responsibility to ensur e they remain integral tobroader policy and decision-making agendas. (45) 2. Hollander, R. And H. Patapan. 2007, ‘Pragmatic Federalism: Australian Federalism from Hawke to Howard. ’ Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 6 No. 3 pp. 280-297 The Hollander Patapan article provides broader historical analysis that seeks to explain fundamental aspects of our system of federalism and conclusions on why the trend of centralisation has occurred. (30) 3. Parkin, A. 2003, ‘The States, Federalism and Political Science: A Fifty-Year Appraisal. ’ Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 62 No. 2, June, pp. 101-112 The Parkin Paper provides broader analysis of the state of federalism than both the Wanna and Hollander Patapan articles, providing a fifty year appraisal of Australian governance from the States’ perspective. (32) How to cite Psmp Unit 1 – Reading Report – Federalism, Essay examples

Symbolism in William Blake’s Poetry an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Symbolism in William Blake’s Poetry William Blake belongs to the most famous English poets, though his poetry was recognized only after his death. Firstly, the term romanticism was used in the middle of the 18th century and it caused popularity of symbolism. William Blake re-shapes English poetry due to his symbolic world outlook and his desire to show the real world through hidden and concealed meanings of the words. Blakes symbolism is based primarily on personal feelings and emotions and he paid little attention to fact because symbolism promoted individuality, creativity, imagination and rejecting of values. Through symbolic poetry William Blake tends to express new values, new political ideas in order to promote the ideal brotherhood, equality and fairness in the country. Moreover, Blakes symbolism is very lyrical and his poems are filled with passion, though Blake tends to use subversion of symbols. (Appelbaum 1996) Need essay sample on "Symbolism in William Blakes Poetry" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Actually, all William Blakes poems are very symbolic, though it is necessary to underline that The Garden of Love and London both seem to be the most expressive and touching because the author wanted to protect his original and unique perception of the society and the world in them. Blake is strongly interested in symbolism and, therefore, he is not simply a poet, but rather an artist who wants to show aggressive, repressive and cold nature of religious and political regimes. Symbolism is used to underline the end of traditions and desire to fight against oppressors. His poetry isnt correct; instead, he seems to be rather concerned with imagination and experience being the most important for him. Blakes poems illustrate that the real meanings are symbolic ones. The purpose of London and The Garden of Love is to awaken inactive imagination, to show hell and paradise, to stimulate new vision and to prove that the world can be changed and improved. Students Frequently Tell Us: Who wants to write essay for me? Essay writer professionals advise: London by William Blake is a poem telling about society being troubled by the mistakes of the previous generation. The poem describes dirty streets of London, its social environment and political events. Actually, the language of the poem is rather expressive and vivid, because the author tends to provide common words with new fresh meanings in order to achieve the desired expression. The author uses spoken observations of a symbolic character to narrate and to refresh the political and social problems endangering citys residents in the beginning of the 19th century. (Appelbaum 1996) Throughout the poem William Blake uses the symbols and images to convey the message directly to readers. For example, first two stanzas are characterized by word choice because the author wants to set the mournful atmosphere. Interestingly, the reader is introduced as a wander through the charted society. In such a way the author shows that every person is marks of weakness, marks of woe. The words cry and every are the symbols of depression afflicting the whole society. The phrase mind-forged manacles assumes that the narrator is mentally instable. (Appelbaum 1996) The third stanza represents the use of religious and destructive symbols. For example, chimney-sweepers cry symbolizes that society is trying to cope with the causes of depression. Religious imagery blackning church symbolizes the loss of innocence and, possible, represents societys abandonment of religion. The hapless soldiers sigh symbolizes the war and men who have no choice but to serve in the army. Thus, Black uses the sense of destruction stating that people are forced to cope with weakness. The last stanza of the poem reveals the most complex meaning. For example, youthful harlots curse shows that next generation will be affected by the sinful deeds of the youth. Plagues are the symbols of curse, whereas marriage hearse aims at confusing death and eternity. The poem is very symbolic representing vividly the sorrows and weaknesses of the society. Futher, symbols in the poem are used to show the evil effect of the revolution in the city. Through symbols the author shows the dirty streets of the city stating that the city is dying. Also he makes people see what London had become. However, symbolism in the poem is very dark and melancholic aimed at highlighting horrible environment and people who are forced to live in it. Symbols are images of shame, despair and death, though they are rather colorless and have nothing to do with the themes of the poem. Other symbols are the symbol of Christianity to show that power is strongly abused: How the chimney sweepers cry, Every blackning Church appals. Thus, this chimney sweeper symbolizes the child who is lost and is forced to work in the dirtiness of the church being in its turn the symbol of punitive crime and absolute power. (Appelbaum 1996)Industrial revolution was a time when it was difficult for women to find job and they were forced to become prostitutes to survive in difficult times. Evil effects of the revolution are emphasized through symbols as well: How the youthful Harlots curse, Blasts the new born infants fear, and blights with plagues the marriage hearse. This phrase symbolizes womens despair because the city was killing itself when forcing women to sell themselves for money. Women become ill and men, consequently, get disease from prostitutes and bring disease home to their wives who are bearing children and, thus, children are born with disparities. In such a way the city is self-murderer. The carriage of the married is the symbols of the inevitable death and funeral. The Garden of Love is also filled with symbolic and concealed meanings. The poem tells that life and happiness should be pursued. And in order to achieve the desire effect that author refers to religious symbols to show that love and negative can be on a par. However, negativity is strongly concealed by symbols. Central problem of the poem is conflict between individual and organized religion. Thus, William Blake states that he doesnt support the church as an institution and through symbols shows that religion can be destroyed along with creator: thou shalt not writ over the door. This negative phrase symbolizes destruction and limitations. Actually, symbols in the poem are both positive and negative. The words green, love, bore sweet flowers are the symbols of breath and life and the eternal desire to seek for creativity and individuality. (Appelbaum 1996) The church is represented through negative symbols conveying pessimism and positive meanings. Blake shows symbolically that negativity has power over positive things. The garden of love itself is the garden of death and the church is viewed as evil because it doesnt allow poor people to come in: And the gates of this Chapel were shut. The church symbolizes inequality and power of the rich over the poor. Flowers in their turn are compared with tombstones. The author uses new buildings, graves, black gowns as the symbols of darkness and negativity. The positive symbols are seen only in the first stanza, whereas others are overflowing with negative meanings: And I saw it was filled with graves, And tomb-stones where flowers should be: And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds, And binding with briars, my joys and desires. (Appelbaum 1996) The next moment to mention is that the voice in the poem is the symbol of time and inevitable changes. In the first stanza the voice is exploring, pure and innocent: I went to the Garden of Love, and saw what I never had seenWhere I used to play on the green. Nevertheless, with poem progression the voice is constantly changing because the church possesses more power over environment: And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds, And binding with briars, my joys and desires. Religious symbols are used to show that love is dined. The only environment in the poem that symbolizes positivity is refugees who are willing to find shelter. They support love, whereas the priests deny it because they have to follow celibacy. (Appelbaum 1996) In conclusion it is necessary to admit that both poem London and The Garden of Love brilliantly enters readers into the inner world of William Blakes personal feelings, emotions and thoughts. Blakes symbolic poetry is very creative and amazing because it encourages, stimulates and inspires others in the world. Blakes poems make people think that world should be seen from fresh point of view and things can be another than they are though to be. Works Cited Appelbaum, Stanley. English Romantic Poetry: An Anthology. New York: Dover Publications, 1996.